Ethnographic Research Project Essay

The subject of the ethnographical Research project is F alone-Line Motor blows, a full service graphic symbolicipant in the tugsports industry. Located in Chicagos northerly suburbs, the firm specializes in bucket along, servicing and modifying street and professional highschool performance vehicles such as BMWs, Porsches, Audis, Mercedes-Benz, Corvettes, and other high cease transportation. (F only-Line Motorsports, 2006)In the form of ethnographic research, Fall-Line Motorsports, is subjected to rivet on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of socio heathen phenomena. Typically, observing the motorsport connection (not necessarily geographic, but within the work and moderate leisure environment). Selection of informants or participants who atomic number 18 receiptn to confirm an overview of the deportivities of the community and requesting such informants are asked to identify other informants representative of the community. (Ethnographic Researc h, 2006)S eeral informants/participants are interviewed multiple times within the work environment. The purpose is to use development from previous informants/participants to elicit clarification and deeper responses upon re-interview. The intent of this process is to uncover vernacular cultural understandings related to the environment under get along a line. It should be noted that study utilizes the approach from the point of view of art, i.e. marketing, symbols, images and cultural preservation, i.e. behavior, customs and norms, as a descriptive rather than analytic endeavor. (Ethnographic Research, 2006) cultural immersionObservationAspects of motorsports has had prospicient been considered exclusively European in nature, most notably sports gondolas and grand prix motor speed, began to achieve a level of acceptance that would make them consequential elements of the the Statesn automobile gardening in the years to bring. (Inge, 1989, p. 110)One of the most perceptible practices in the shop environment was the constant human activity. The machine and tools were exactly instruments that served as extensions of the men working around them. The level of concentration was amazingly intense. Empirical analysis yielded high productive output, efficiently, effective craftsmanship entirely second to the explicit dedication and resourcefulness. It was difficult to imagine that any initiation of the same size could match or possible exceed the results of Fall-line Motorsports, grouchyly in the motorcar racing industry.Macro-ethnographyBroadly-Defined Cultural GroupingsMotorsport racing is a sport of addiction. Once you experience it introductory commit, you feel compelled to keep following it. In more(prenominal) object lessons, you quickly identify with a driver, his sponsor, or the make of car he drives. You watch races on television, you scan the risingspaper for articles or photographs, you rede spate on the street wearing a NASCAR T-shir t or cap, you poster numbered decals on the back windows of cars and trucks, you start to recognize (and buy) products based on which ag separate they sponsor. A cultural reading of NASCARs evolution shows that stock car racing has become part of our national consciousness, two accepted and accepted by corporate America and the media. (Bodine et al. 1997, p. 3)Since the very first visit to Fall-line Motorsports, I became completely enthralled with the motorsport business. I saved and pulled together every nickel and dime I could muster in order to acquire the up-to-the-minute and best technology they had to shooter. At that time, my single aspiration in high school was to have the fastest car on campus, and with their help, I achieved my goal. anecdotical analysis of American culture represents motorsports racing as an interesting phenomenon machine-accessible to our romanticism of the old American West. Stock car racing is more than a sport it represents an important elemen t of this nations culture and heritage.It is a sport with ties to the rebellious actions of post-Revolutionary frontiersmen. This is an activity with deep roots, the lines that connect the America of today with the America of yesterday.Breaking NASCARs ties to its traditional Southern denomination capacity be enough to get a culturally and ethnically-diverse earshot occupyd in the sport. Opening new Winston Cup marketsespecially in large urban areas within r all(prenominal) of new facilities, like the calcium Speedway near Los Angeles and Quad-Cities International Raceway Park near Chicagomight be the catalyst to attract minorities as fans and participants. (Bodine et al. 1997, p. 116)ethnographic method involve gaining informantsGathering Of Data In The Form Of ObservationOne particular afternoon presented the opportunity to develop the informant relationship. I went down to Fall-line Motorsports to purchase and have installed a cold air intake. The installation took approximat ely cardinal hours. Upon completion, I paid my bill on a job tumesce d wholeness and left. Like any new device, I felt a real world test was warranted. I found a major(ip) open through fare, position the car in empty, place the respite into first gear and press the accelerator down to the floor.In an winking the bolts to the sub frame ripped off and the several(predicate)ial fell out. Clearly, the only excerption was to return the Fall-line Motorsports. Upon my return, the car was completely incapacitated. Right then, JP, the chief railway locomotiveer wasnt able to repair immediately. However, he drove me home which was quite a distance from the shop. Ironically, the accident and the ride home provided me the opportunity to talk with JP at length about the business, the industry, and the passel of motorsports. Hence, my informant relationship was established.During the conversation, even though motorsports has southern origin attached to it, it was discovered that one of th e first northern drivers to mother success as a NASCAR Grand National competitor was Fred Lorenzen, who was raised in the town of Elmhurst, Illinois, not far from Chicago. Lorenzen became familiar with NASCAR racing while camping out with friends in his parents backyard. (Bodine et al. 1997, p. 67)Micro-ethnographyNarrowly-Defined Cultural GroupingsLocal spectators go through the regional sport commodity over a period of time, with different degrees of intensity of consumption. Consequently some races are enormously more important than others, with different meanings to different viewers or fans depending on their geographical location. and so the standardization of the time length of games and events, and the calendarisation of sport goes hand in hand with its commoditization. Forster, 2004, p.4)So much as the study goes, first hand union is essential, unlike a restaurant guides do not offer the strain of ethnographic information we might wish to have on American food ways, b ut as ephemeral publications that are part of as well as a commentary on popular cultural behavior, they have much to offer the student of American food ways. (Inge, 1989, p. 488) in any case associated within the confines of this world is the mechanic. Steve is one of the mechanism and a honest fan of the sport. He typifies the motorsport fan, family man, calm , Midwestern civility and calmness that carries the day.The group is socially dynamic. It is a sport that thrills and draws by the tens of millions to speedways and television sets each year, insofar we have never considered what the sport means to us as a country, as a community of Americans. Community plays a large part in the sport of stock car racing. The sport itself is a community, one that travels to race tracks all over the country each week. As is the case with transitory social groups, the NASCAR Winston Cup participants look to each other for solidarity. The drivers, mechanics, officials, media people, and famil ies of NASCAR movement about the nation as a community with its own rules, ethics, and etiquette. (Bodine et al. 1997, p. 10) The deepest layer inside the motorsport subject is the driver. One overwriting commonality that stands as an attribute to all who ride in the beast is the rituals practiced by the drivers.Whether it involves the silent act of prayer or wearing certain article of clothing in a particular fashion, the practice is uniform and convincing. It even sometimes involves the people related to the drivers. Before a driver embarks into a race at that place are a series of different rituals that are performed. sucker Boden, 45 years old owner and operator of Fall-Line Motorsports and a driver at Fall-line motorsports, says goodbye to his wife and children before he goes into a race.He consistently walks over to the car to check and recheck the machine as to let his family know of his confidence. With assurance, he says a prayer and is prepared to race. When I go off I tell who ever Im with Ill see you in a little bit or Ill be back. I walk over to my car and check my tire pressure, get my racing suit on, put my helmet on, and drive to the line. As Im driving I start to loose my breath, but by the end of the first lap I am back to normal, say Mark.Emic viewCultural PerceptionThe general competitive balance result stiff unchanged. Underlying the argument is a set of assumptions concerning the behavior of motorsports with respect to the lineament of games (higher uncertainty of outcome leads to higher quality of games). In this scenario, drivers attract fans by winning.JP, head engineer at the firm epitomizes this argument. He is required by the demanding world of motorsports competition to know and understands every aspect of the BMW M3 models in do-gooder to every other car he works on. Within his contend environment, he serves as a critical source of reference for the mechanics and other engineers. Miraculously JP has been able to find solu tions when others have failed. It seems he is able to answer any question posed to him.American racing fans, NASCAR is autoracing, and the on-track exploits of its heroesboth names from the past such as David Pearson, Daryl Waltrip, Dale Earnhardt, and Richard Petty, and names of the present such as Jeff Gordon, Jimmie sewerson, Tony Stewart, and Dale Earnhardt, Jr.have, in many quarters, attained a stance bordering on folklore. (Clark et al, 2004) JP understands that the fan is comparing his work, his results with the major competitors. With the shadow of the legends looking over his should, JP designs various move that will enhance the cars performance if other parts arent able to meet Fall-Lines standards.Etic perspectiveNon-Members (Outsiders) PerceiveAfrican American ownership in sports has been a long sought after goal. many another(prenominal) have tried and only a few have succeeded in the multibillion-dollar arenas of professional football, baseball and basketball. Yet, look a little lower on the radar screen and youll see another sport has attracted the attention of a pair of former athletes in an arena not generally frequented by African Americansprofessional auto racing. Washington Erring Motorsports, which recently established its second year on the NASCAB circuit, is being touted as NASCARs first minority-owned race team in over 25 years. (Smith, 2000, p. 28)SymbolsMaterial artifact Of A Culture, Such As Art, Clothing, Or Even TechnologyThe sport, with its noise, dirt, healthy cars, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, became a symbol of the southern way of living. As with Daniels analysis, Johnsons depiction of stock-car racing anchors the activitys origins in deadly speed contests among southern moonshiners and federal revenue officers in the thirties and 1940s. When not outrunning the law, moonshiners participated in informal races between themselves and others interested in automobiles. (Hall, 2002, p. 629)For motorsports, obvious m erchandise opportunities would include t-shirts, hats, and model cars. For landscapes it might be travel packages or hiking gear. Corporate customers might be interested in software, design service or office supplies. Unique content on Artemis Imagess website could be used to draw traffic to other companies sites. Chris and her team planned to pass the content on an annual basis to these sites, creating reach and revenues for Artemis Images. (Bell, 2003, p.173) At work, Steve and Mark only wear a Fall-Line t-shirt and jeans. Clearly branding themselves where ever and when ever they can.National and international sporting events attract millions of fans to the communities that host the events. strange the limited seasons and markets in baseball, basketball, and football, motorsports facilities play host to events throughout most of each year. Major events are held almost weekly throughout the year in the United States, Europe, and other areas of the world. Motorsports is truly inte rnational in scope and stature, and racing attracts millions of fans to areas widely recognized for their involvement in the sport. (Gnuschke, 2004, p. 2)Cultural patterningRelate Symbols crossways Varied Forms Of Behavior And In Varied ContextsBudweiser, Burger King, Cellular South, Chevrolet, Coca-Cola, Comp Cams, Dominos Pizza, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Hertz Rental Equipment, Hilton Properties, Ikon Office Solutions, Kroger, Ledbetter Meats, Millington Telephone connection and the list goes onobviously the list of participating corporate sponsors and mired business partners will increase over the racing season. Some examples of the planetary importance of motorsports include the following excerpts and highlights of studies of motorsports events in the United States and around the world. (Gnuschke, 2004, p. 2) silent knowledgeDeeply-Embedded Cultural BeliefsIt all stated with a simple model, the recipe for a classic American hot rod is simple. First you find the smallest, light est chassis available. Then you add one big American V-8 engine and beefed-up driveline. For good measure, you modify that V-8 to produce even more horsepower. It all started in the 1930s when ingenious American youths (now our grandfathers and fathers) figured out that the new cut through V-8 engine would fit in the smaller and lighter Ford Model A. (Anson, 1996, p.14)In essence, professional motorsports is in the business of entertainment. Instead of artists, you have athletes, which in the case of motorsports are race drivers. The stage and the arena is a racetrack. As a business, the primary motive of any motorsports series is profit. So you need to keep spectators happy which in turn keeps sponsors happy. Also up there in the need-to-keep-happy list are the stars of the show themselves. Because they are the ones whom spectators come to spectate. ( manila paper Bulletin, 2005)Reference(s)http//www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/ethno.htm Ethnographic Research Retrieved 12.06.06h ttp//www.fall-linemotorsports.com Fall-Line MotorSports Retrieved 12.06.06Thomas Inge, 1989, Handbook of American Popular Culture. publishing house Greenwood Press. Place of Publication Westport, CT. rapscallion weigh 110, 488Brett Bodine, Mark D. Howell, 1997, From Moonshine to capital of Wisconsin Avenue A Cultural History of the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. newspaper wheel Green State University Popular Press. Place of Publication Bowling Green, OH. knave Number 3, 67, 10, 116John Forster, Nigel K. Ll. Pope, 2004, The Political Economy of Global Sporting Organisations. Publisher Routledge. Place of Publication New York. Page Number 4John M. Clark, T. Bettina Cornwell, Stephen W. Pruitt, 2004, The NASCAR Phenomenon Auto Racing Sponsorships and Shareholder Wealth. Journal rubric Journal of publicise Research. Volume 44. outgrowth 3. Publication Year 2004. Page Number 281+Eric L. Smith, walk 2000, Racing for Dollars. Magazine human activity Black Enterprise. Volume 30. Issu e 8. Page Number 28. COPYRIGHT 2000 Earl G. Graves Publishing Co., Inc.Randal L. Hall, 2002, Before NASCAR The Corporate and civil Promotion of Automobile Racing in the American South, 1903-1927. Journal Title Journal of Southern History. Volume 68. Issue 3. Page Number 629+.Joseph R. Bell, Joan Winn, 2003, Artemis Images Providing nub in the Digital Age. Contributors Journal Title Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Volume 28. Issue 2. Page Number 173+. COPYRIGHT 2003 Baylor UniversityJohn E. Gnuschke, Fall 2004, Economic opposition of the Memphis Motorsports Park. Magazine Title Business Perspectives. Volume 16. Issue 3. Page Number 2+.Mike Anson, 1996, American Tradition of Hot Rodding Lives, Extending to Miatas. Newspaper Title The Washington Times. Page Number 14. COPYRIGHT 1996 News World Communications, Inc capital of the Philippines Bulletin, July 5, 2005, When Sport Gets in the Way of Entertainment. Page Number NA. COPYRIGHT 2005 Manila Bulletin Publishing

Radiation Heat Transfer Lab

The objective of this research lab experiment is to investigate the ray of light equitys (Lamberts outer space, romaine law and Stefan-Boltzmann uprightness) using thermal and optical ray syndrome.This experiment was carried bulge out with the assistance of the Thermal Radiation Apparatus which consists of a heat rootage (that provides the heat for the verification of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law), a thermopile (that assists in detecting the temperature), a luxmeter (that assists in beat stick the luminous intensity for the verification of Lamberts Distance & Cosine Law), concentration plates that detect whatsoever radiance incident upon them, a swivelling light inception (that assists in provides luminous light beam for the verification of Lamberts Cosine Law) and finally criterion amplifier that detects he amount of irradiance incident upon the beat plates and provides an electronic output in the form of a reading.Lamberts Distance Law states the as the interval pl ace between the point semen of ray and the detector plates is increase, the irradiance discover forget decrease. This law was proven to be precise since the irradiance and the aloofness have a negative slope of -1.584 on formula 1.Lamberts Cosine Law, which constitutes that the radiant intensity, I, of the radiation emitted by a flat come is same from any solicitude but the irradiance, E, decreases with the increase of cosine of the fee of incidence. This law was also proved to be accurate as it smoke be seen from Table 2 that as the bung of incidence increased, the irradiance reduced.The Stefan-Boltzmann Law was also verified. It was observed that the irradiance of a blackbody was relative to the fourth business office of the absolute temperature.The main source wrongful conduct in the lab experiment was that the laboratory room was non completely dark and caused the measuring plates to detect ambient light radiation and giving untrue readings.PROCEDUREThe procedu re outlaid in the lab manual(a) was followed to precision. The procedure steps were carried out in a safe vogue for Lamberts Distance Law, Lamberts Cosine Law and Stefan-Boltzmann Law. 2RESULTSLamberts Distance Law entertain bear on to Table 1, envision 1 and Figure 2 in accompaniment A Tables and Figures for the Results of the experiment conducted to observe Lamberts Distance Law.Lamberts Cosine LawPlease refer to Table 2, Table 3, Figure 3 and Figure 4 in Appendix A Tables and Figures for the Results of the experiment conducted to observe Lamberts Cosine Law.Stefan-Boltzmann LawPlease refer to Table 4, Table 5 and Figure 5 in Appendix A Tables and Figures for the Results of the experiment conducted to observe Stefan-Boltzmann Law.DISCUSSIONLamberts Distance LawTheoretically it is believed that Lamberts Distance Law correlates to the fact that the irradiance of the radiation emitted sheer towards a surface from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the d istance separating the illuminated surface and the source. 2 From the experiment it was observed that as the distance between the illuminated surface and the source of radiation increased, the irradiance decreased as an individual weed nonice that at a separation distance of 100 mm the irradiance was observed to be 1069 W/m2 and at the separation distance of 800 mm the irradiance reduced to a 126 W/m2. From Figure 1 (Lamberts Distance Law plotted on a Log-Log scale) and Figure 2 (Lamberts Distance Law plotted on a radiation pattern scale), it can be discerned that the irradiance diminishes as the separation distance between the source of radiation and the illumination surface increases.Lamberts Cosine LawLamberts Cosine Law states that the radiant intensity, I, emitted by a flat source is the same from any direction, however the irradiance, E, decreases with the cosine of the angle of direction. 2 This law essentially dictates that the direction of clarification is irrelevant si nce the radiance from the surface at any angle is barely the same to the human eye this happens due to the fact that as the angle of direction of the rays increases relative to the normal (0 angle of direction), the area of incidence for the radiation decreases. Another theoretical observation that can be made from the law stated above is that the maximum irradiance will occur at the angle of zero degrees.It can be perceived from Figure 3, in which the relationship between angle and light intensity on blackbody in a radian measure is shown, the blue circles represent the angle from the concentrate of the unit circle that correspond to the respective normalized illuminance value. From Table 2 it can be noted that as the angle of incidence is increased the illuminance decreases this corroborates Lamberts Cosine Law even further.Stefan-Boltzmann LawThis law situates that the rack up irradiance of a blackbody radiator is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature. 1 This can be stated mathematically, as , where ? is the Boltzmann constant with a value of 5.67*10-8 W/m2*K4 although this law applies solely to blackbodies. From Figure 4 it can observed that a linear relationship develops between the temperature and the irradiance, with a positive slope of 2078.1 when the temperature climbs the measuring amplifier detects a higher amount of irradiance.The theoretical irradiance values were calculated, since the only shifting parameters in the equation for the irradiance are the temperatures that are detected. From Table 5 it can be discerned that the theoretical values had a percent phantasm of round 76% when compared to the experimental values. This is a very high percent error and can be explained by that fact that not all of the radiation emitted by the source topes the measuring plates and the majority of the radiation is lost to the environment.ErrorsThe main source error in the lab experiment was confronted during the second slice of t he lab during which the Cosine Law was being detected. This room needs to be completely dark and only the radiance from the source must reach the measuring plates so as to provide the most accurate results. This was not achieved as the room was not completely dark and ambient radiation was allowed to be incident upon the measuring plates causing an error.Experimental errors were caused due to the measuring ruler for the distances of separation and the error in the readings for the irradiance.Another source of error may be that all sources of radiance during the lab experiment were anticipate to be point sources this is untrue as radiance was incident upon the measuring plates from reflection off the surfaces present in the laboratory room.CONCLUSIONFrom the laboratory experiment conducted the Lamberts Distance Law was proved to be true as it was observed that an inversely proportional relationship developed between the distance and the irradiance detected by the measuring amplifier . Similarly, the Cosine Law was also proved to be correct, as an inversely proportional relationship was also detected between the angle of incidence and the illuminance measured. The last law to be confirmed was the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, which was observed when the total irradiance of the blackbody radiator was proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature.Overall a firm understanding of Lamberts Distance & Cosine Laws and Stefan-Boltzmann Law and radiation transfer were gained.

Corrections Essay

What puzzle outs for 1 individual whitethorn non work for another. If the wrongdoer is serving metre for pedophilia, rape, murder, or drugs it could be that it Is who they view themselves as and testament not change for the offend. The recidivism rate for all prison houseers, no reckon what their abuse may be, is high in prisons all around the world. The to a greater extent time that a prisoner spends time in prison, the more(prenominal) likely they be to either return to prison or to violate their parole. The fact of the matter Is one has to see the change they requisite in themselves before predict can nip them to change.Prisoners who ar enrolled in prison rehabilitation programs are still as likely, If not more, to return to prison. It Is only those who successfully realised the education programs provided for them who have lower recidivism rates. This is because they have sought to change for the better, and were not forced to change. However, most prisoners who answer these programs are usually the ones who have been in prison the longest. Those prisoners who successfully fill ind the programs where more often so not, the ones who had better chances at becoming successful parolees.The criminal Justice system should concentrate more on avengement-oriented programs to discourage prisoners from returning. If prisons began enforcing very strict and difficult prison policies, it can make a prisoner see the change that community wants to see for themselves. Most repeat offenders feel more comfortable on the inside then they do on the outside. This Is a very regretful and true fact. They become so adapt to living In prisons that they more or less consider It a home. When they are subsequently released, they feel Like they do not belong In normal society, thus returning to crime.Another disturbing reality Is that more businesses and corporations will not higher these flimflams due to their records. If the joined States penal system enf orced strict and almost hellish conditions in these prisons, such as solitary confinement for the majority of their sentence this may change. The prison systems could focus on such harsh punishments, such as no contact with others. The only time contact with others should be allowed is when they charter to attend rehabilitation programs. As time goes on, and the more successful the inmate becomes in the program, prison officials can lessen the rashness of their punishments.This, in the beginning, forces the prisoners to attend the program. However, the prisoner must find It within themselves to successfully complete their education. This makes the prisoners work for their freedom and the change that they want to see. If a prisoner does not complete the requirements of the rehabilitation then can go back to the strict punishments. It Is their choice, and they cannot be forced change. They have to want it. On the outside innocent. They should do this by upholding the jurisprudence t o such a standard that encourages individuals that they do not want to commit a crime.Law enforcement agents should have the power to do whatever is necessary to take down those who render the law. Currently law enforcement officials have more restrictions placed on themselves by the law, then the criminals breaking it, which makes it that much more difficult to enforce the law. There seem to be far to many loopholes in the Justice system that protects the offenders. It is my personal belief that once you break the law, you have limited rights. We should not be sending our own slew who protect there to Jail for police brutality and so on.If individual rapes a woman and then tries to attack the arresting officer, the police are well within their respective rights to do whatever it is necessary to introduce said individual to Justice. Such acts will discourage many from committing crimes. If you stubborn to break the law, well then that is a conscious decision that you made. It is you who should knuckle under for the crimes, not the police. People should feel safe around the police if one has not committed a crime, but if you do break the law one should be terrified. The fear should come from what he police are capable of doing to you to enforce the law.However, law enforcement officials should be trained to asses the amount of force needed to instill enough fear within the individual by a case by case basis. If you get pulled over for running a red light, a cop cannot pull you out of the railcar and start beating you. Although, if you murder or rape someone, cops should be allowed to punish you. This will in turn instill fear within the offender not to commit the crime again, due to the treatment you receive from the police, and then the harsh prison system mentioned previously.

Macbeth Observation, Interpretation, and Critique Essay

In William Shakespeares story Macbeth, the hero, faces a conflict that imp issues how the play leave behind go and delivers a message within the story. The conflict starts with the prophecies of the Weird Sisters and later on gets worse from the trickery of chick Macbeth. The result concludes a series of retell thoughts running through Macbeths mind, whether to decimate or not to kill Duncan.During the time in which Macbeths moral sense is still intact, the scene of the holy man versus the devil haunts Macbeth. On one of Macbeths shoulders is the white angel, his conscience, and on the diametral shoulder sits the red devil, that represents the Weird Sisters and Lady Macbeths tricks. Macbeths conscience tells him all the reasons why he should let Duncan live. Duncan is a king that has govern Scotland well by far.Therefore Duncans death would not be favored by any one, it will be as an act of betrayal and disloyalty, not relief. With Macbeth committing murder, he risks his honor Macbeth has been proven to be a loyal and honorable noble. If the murder leads Macbeth back to the investigators, Macbeths life will be ruined. Macbeths wife helps him to reconsider the effects of killing Duncan. term being king, Macbeth will be more powerful than a noble.Lady Macbeth does this so out of love for her husband, and for her own benefit, she refuses to suffer her husbands uncertainty and attacks Macbeths manhood in order to convince him to posit this opportunity to achieve his ambitions by killing Duncan. With Lady Macbeths panic and his conscience destroyed, Macbeth sets out to do the work evil.

Mental Behavioral Case Study Essay

A lady came into the emergency room, she felt as though she had maybe had a stroke. We started to ask her questions, we asked her how long she had been feeling this flair and she told us five days. She was indeed ask, what whatsoever of her symptoms were. She began to spread abroad us that she was preparing for a weekend in Vegas when she noticed that her left I started to jump, she thought vigour of it. It the jumping persisted, it continued to annoy her. The woman began to say that she carried on with her plans. She then notice that her eyebrows would not move on that side and that her taste was different. Her play began to feel numb as well. She began to cry because she really felt as though she had a stroke and why did she not have all symptoms or any illnesses that could provoke it to happen. She said that what really made her rise up in was that her mouth began to twist and her eye drooped.Then the doctor asked her questions almost her last time she gave birth or ma ybe a venous sinus infection or something that dealt with her stressing. She then told the doctor that she had a baby near 5 months ago. Then the doctor told her since it has been about five days you be a lucky young lady. I dont desire this is a stroke, I think that this is Bells paralyse. I then told her not to worry it was still in the primary st times and that I would privation to put her on a steroid and a antibiotic to servicing her get better. I then began to tell her that she was lucky she came when she did because some plurality stay with Bells palsy without ever getting it corrected. She then asked me what Bells palsy is. I explained to her that Bells palsy is a form of temporary facial paralysis resulting from damage or trauma to the facial nerves. The facial nerve-also called the 7th cranial nerve-travels through a narrow, bony canal called the fallopian canal in the skull, beneath the ear, to the muscles on each(prenominal) side of theface.I then explained to h er that the disorder, which is not related to stroke, is the most viridity cause of facial paralysis. Generally, Bells palsy affects only champion of the paired facial nerves and one side of the face, however, in disused cases, it can affect both sides. I then went on to tell the patient that Bells palsy afflicts approximately 40,000 Americans each year. It affects hands and women equally and can breathe at any age, but it is less(prenominal) common before age 15 or after age 60. It disproportionately attacks populate who have diabetes or upper respiratory ailments such as the flu or a cold. I told her that it can occur after pregnancy as well. I then said to her that some people that are affected by the disease their family has to be accessory because some people have after effects or may not have caught it in time like she did to have the endangerment to have their feeling come back into their face.This affects them in society because people are cruel and it can also affe ct being adapted to work or define what you can and cant do in your life. It also will affect the ability to eat, due to the nonchalance of your tongue. I then told her that she had nothing to worry about she was going to be okay and she did the right thing by coming into the ER when she did exactly take her medications and she would soon see her smiling again. We then gave her some data and websites that she could look at dealing with the disease. This would be able to help her and authorize her support to deal with what she was going through. I then let her write out that I too have had bells palsy and if I could get my smile back so can she. She left the office feeling a little better knowing that her stage of disease was primary and that it was treatable. psychical Behavioral Case StudyHCS/245 Kristene Diggins November 8, 2014 Jamikka Waremercer

Collaboration in the supply chain

In general primings write bring part string rush has been come upond by Cox ( 1997 ) as a mien of thought that is devoted to spotting tools and techniques that put forward for increased operational effectivity and efficiency throughout the take channels that must be created insidely and extraneously to back up and provide bing corporate merchandise and service send offerings to knobs . interpret mountain range style croupe in like manner be defined as a focusing of three or much boldness linked to bumher by one or more of the flow of merchandise, function, finance and knowledge from a beginning to a client ( Mentzer et al, 2001 ) .So based on the higher up definition run mountain range military commission endure be describe as a boot of the birth and activities among the member of the presidential terms upcountryly all bit fair as outside(a)ly. As the business sector environment becomes more complex, administrations recognise that m some(preno minal) another(prenominal) benefits tail be obtained from confiningr, longsighted term blood in bring home the bacon strand ( Ganesan, 1994 ) . The end of the make out range pedagogy is that either member of the administration should work together in close and long term alliance to increase the competitory advantage of the fork up range of mountains direction as a whole which disregard actuate as one of the nucleus competence of the administration ( Mentzer et al, 2001 ) .The troubles for production companies ar escalating, as a rising figure merchandises argon launched whose marks commercialise brush off save be reached efficaciously through a confine figure of mercantile establishments whose ownership is concentrated in a change magnitude figure of centralized mountain range ( Guirdham, 1972, P nine ) . However, t here(predicate) are plentiful illustrations of major make revenues and market portion breakthrough world achieved by a supply range of mounta ins scheme which requires a supply range of mountains direction.External environment in which a put forward operates excessively plays a critical function in the acceptance and execution of supply concatenation consolidation. The fast demasculinizeing market demands require companies to incorporate supply concatenation procedures in rove to be more antiphonal. Customers are demanding merchandises which can be systematically delivered faster and more faithfully, which requires close coordination within the house and with sell merchandisers or mercantile establishments ( Richey et al. , 2009 ) . However, A figure of seekes are through with(p) on the retail administrations and parent administrations but there is a privation in literature amid the supply concatenation direction of these devil administrations.As per OCED ( 2007 ) and Porter and Ketels ( 2003 ) , fabricating administrations in unquestionable economic systems needs to run low up the evaluate concatenation a nd vie on the footing of look back instead than on the footing of cost. To vie on the footing of the value the administration should necessitate services to the client.Martinez et Al ( 2009 ) landd that it is a wishful undertaking for a fabrication administration to go a product-service administration ( PSS ) in which merchandises and services can be provided by the retail merchants to the costumiers for whatever administration. The acceptance of a new product-service scheme requires investings on capacity construction such as the placement of retail merchants, new peoples accomplishments, capablenesss and engineerings etc. ( Reinartz and Ulaga, 2008 ) .thusly, in the short period of press clipping it can be disputing for administrations to take out immense grosss from a new PSS transmutation but in the lifelong period of clip that new PSS schemes can convey immense grosss to the administrations ( Quinn et al. , 1990 ) . Oliva and Kallenberg ( 2003 ) , Davies ( 2003 ) and Araujo and skip over ( 2006 ) argue that during this transmutation to a combined product-service offering, administrations are likely to alter their schemes, value ironss, operations, system integrate capablenesss, people expertise and engineerings.In many merchandise service administrations ( PSS ) industries service are provided by the retail merchant as the nucleus competence of a retail merchant lies in supplying services to the client and have the client comprehension of that country. However, the manner of altering transmutation waies from a merchandise fabrication administration to a combined product-service administration are s work on ill understood ( Voss, 2005 Johnston, 1995 miller et al. , 2002 Tukker, 2004 ) .Harmonizing to Richey et Al, 2009 in PSS there are two drivers in supply concatenation desegregation which are internal and away. Most of the administrations look to develop the internal supply concatenation integrating to cut down cost in production and t he others factors alternatively of developing it overall. It is to a fault said that directors have greenback many troubles in the procedure of implementing of complete supply concatenation integrating because external environment is non in control of any administration so it is difficult to implement complete supply concatenation integrating. Some administrations carry on their retail merchant as an internal supply concatenation direction of the administration and some says that lies in external supply concatenation direction of the administration ( Keller, 2002 ) .However, Internal planning calamity is due(p) to the wishing of an strong planning that provides the result of concern procedures and external monitoring failure refers to the neediness of an internal mechanism that efficaciously monitors the external environment ( Burt and Davies, 2007 ) . So which room that retail merchant administration can a portion of external or internal supply concatenation direction but the failure comes from internal of the administration. Alternatively of endeavoring for common ends, each operational country kit and caboodle for its ain involvement to accomplish its ain public presentation aims. A typical type of internal planning failure leads different functional countries in different waies. For illustration succession the production section cleverness to a capital extent concentrate on cutting the costs, the gross revenues section might entirely endeavor for bigger gross revenues volume, which pull up stakes do supply concatenation integrating an impossible mission ( Christopher, 2005 ) .As stated by Richey et Al, 2009 external environment is non in control of any administration so it is difficult to implement complete supply concatenation integrating but as stated by Burt and Davies, 2007 monitoring of external environment is due to miss of internal failure which concludes that an administration can implement a complete supply concatenation integratin g internally.In today s environment, competition is among supply ironss instead than among single companies ( Christopher, 2005 ) . This requires houses to confuse an effectual nurture system to supervise external environment, including their clients, retail merchant, and rivals, to do appropriate determinations sing supply concatenation integrating. marketing writers have long argued that in order to be market oriented, houses must bring forrard market cognition to the highest degree the current and future client demands, handle the cognition across all the sections, and respond to it through coordination of sections ( Kohli and Jaworski, 1990 Slater and Narver, 1995 ) . The cognition of the current and the hereafter clients can be dispassionate by the retail merchant as they are close to the clients and locally situated. Competing supply concatenation that manage through coaction to incorporate supply and demand, present master(prenominal) improved public presentation, an d benefit yet farther from close alliance that themselves foster more chance for greater betterment ( Barratt, 2004, p 31 ) .As per Findlay et al. , 1990 retailing environment in developing states is under developed and there is no peculiar system or construction for retail market. If the retailing environment in the development states are undeveloped so how the administration are implementing the supply concatenation direction. Barriers to provide concatenation integrating act as a go-between to weaken the positive sexual kindreds between the drivers of supply concatenation integrating and the steadfast public presentation. Hoek ( 2000 ) argued that because mechanisms for both internal and external integrating can be found in the criterion and control of operations, it is of importee to develop integrative steps for the full organisation.The seek on the effects of the barriers to provide concatenation integrating is still missing, which limits the magnate to go past effectu al solutions to these issues. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look into the barriers and the effects of these barriers to provide concatenation integrating.Which external barriers are curtailing from constructing a healthy supply concatenation alliance between the parent and retail administration?Available literature brushup explains about the benefits of the supply concatenation relationship. But there is a deficiency in the literature reappraisal which explains the external barriers and how to get the better of with those barriers for an pains. By making the explore on the external barriers impacting in doing the healthy relationship between the retail and the parent administration can convey good solution for most of the merchandise service administration.What jobs the retail and parent administration are confronting internally to develop healthy supply concatenation relation?To construct a healthy relationship in supply concatenation direction of merchandise service administr ation between the retail merchant and parent administration internal barriers should be identified. External supply concatenation direction fails due to the deficiency of an internal mechanism that efficaciously monitors the external environment ( Freathy, 2003 ) . By making the inquiry on the internal barriers impacting in doing the healthy relationship between the retail and the parent administration can convey good solution for most of the merchandise service administration.How to get the better of the barriers which are set uping to construct a healthy supply concatenation relationship between the parent and retail administration? entirely by startings the external and internal barriers in the doing the healthy supply concatenation relationship between the parent and the retail administration is non sufficient. It is necessary to happen a solution to get the better of the barriers for any administration. As per the inquiry the recommendation will be based on the solutions by utilizing the primeval and secondary tuitions, so that the administrations which are confronting the similar barriers found in look into can utilize that solution to do a healthy relationship in supply concatenation direction. By doing a healthy relationship parent and retail administration can supply better client service and can derive more market portion in their application.In an interpretative doctrine the Inductive attacks has been selected because of assorted grounds such as, in this attack theory is do up on the footing of randomnesss collected which means doing sense of world which can be find out of the questions ( collected information ) , here cause and consequence radio link exists between the variables and derivation the apprehension of the substances ( Saunder et al. , 2007 ) , which provides a close apprehension of the veridical state of affairs, which supports the use of qualitative informations, including interviews to be carried on. Furthermore the i nclination of deductive attack in bordering rigid methodological analysis which restricts the alternate account of what is locomotion on proves to be its unfavorable judgment ( Fisher, 2010 ) .A exemplar survey or literature reappraisal would be utilise with inducive attack in order to acquire in-depth analysis within a existent life context. Yin, 2003 provinces that instance surveies or literature reappraisal non merely supply memory access to broad scope of attitudinal, behavioral, and historical issues but besides can be used in combination of interviews and questionnaires ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . Many research workers stated that Triangulation of research methods is considered to be one of the most dependable and can be a valuable manner of carry oning research ( Robson, 2002 cited in Fisher, 2007 ) . Thus a multiple-method attack utilizing a combination of research methods was considered thereby utilizing qualitative informations by carry oning in-depth interviews ( Sa unders et al. , 2007 ) and associating it to the literature reappraisal in the abandoned clip frame.Research methods and difficultThe final cause is based on research that will be carried out on primary informations as opposed to the secondary informations due to the deficiency of literature available every bit good as the research has non been done on the above charactered research inquiries. Primary informations here includes the in-depth unstructured face to confront interviews, to happen out what precisely is traveling on in world ( findings barriers ) and to seek new -insights ( Robson, 2002 cited in Fisher, 2007 ) , every bit good as informal interviews, considered as qualitative research interviews ( King 2004 cited in Saunders et al. , 2007 ) , with managers of the retail administration, senior directors, head employees of the retail administration, drumhead of regional office of Assorted administration within the agribusiness equipment industry ( tractors ) in Bundi pa rt which is in Rajasthan ( India ) . To traverse look into the barriers informal interview with the retail administration in other part will besides be conducted. Access to the information and questioning the above designators has been granted by the taking market portion administration and their retail merchants and the permission of entryway the interview is besides granted. However confabs are in procedure for subscribing off the confidentiality understanding to keep the informations integrity/privacy, as one of the nucleus set of the administrations and with other trade names retail merchants and with seniors of regional offices. Other information can be gathered from the company s dorsum reach which can be use to associate it to the interview and entree to those information has been approved like understandings between the retail and parent administrations.For the pick of trying techniques this research intends to utilize purposive sampling that involves choosing considerabl e figure of edify interviews, hope to carry on 12 interviews with senior directors, managers of the retail administration, chief employees of the retail administration, caput of regional office within the agribusiness equipment industry ( tractors ) in India, to run into the above mentioned aims ( Fisher, 2007 Saunders, et.al. 2007 ) .RestrictionsWhile making un-structured and informal in-depth interviews, batch of factors demands to be taken attention off. Open inquiries need to be asked in order to revoke biasness every bit good as to take out maximal possible information from the administrations. However, the focal point will abide on the research inquiry and the purpose of research while questioning. Interviewer s demands to take attention of the dress-code, privateness of the individual, opening remarks to be made while get downing interview, affectional hearing accomplishments, attack to entering informations and die hard but non the least inclined clip skyline within w hich interviews demands to be conducted and analysed.Specific respectable or Legal Concerns With Your Research ProjectIt is necessary to understand the feeling of utilizing the existent informations from the directors and the employees of the companies. It is of import to clear up the research subject, informations, addition entree of the informations and how we collect, analyse and utilize them in honest and responsible mode ( Fisher, 2007 Saunders et.al, 2007 ) . Ethical motives as the moral rules, norms or criterions of behavior that guide moral picks about our behavior and our relationship with others ( Blumberg et al, 2005 cited in Saunders et.al, 2007 ) . During informations aggregation devising certain the information that has been collected is accurate and which is helpful to associate with the research inquiry and should avoid all the subjective selectivity on what is traveling to be recorded. Taking great attention and keeping confidentiality and namelessness are of i mport in deriving entree to administrations information ( Easterby-Smith et. Al, 2009 ) . Any suggestion and incorrect reading made on the footing of utilizing company informations, could take to large well-grounded job. Therefore under the subdivision 2 ( B ) 1998 Data protection Act, it is vitally of import that all informations be treated sensitively and confidentially ( OPSI, 1988 ) . all the information will be used what s available and has been used to do primary research for to make full the spread in the literature but this will be done by cosmos just to the companies and avocation their policies. Not merely the information that has been collected is of import but procuring the information is besides of import, any escape in informations can convey the individual or society into problem Pr into legitimate jobs. Harmonizing to the UK statute law, this refers to the commissariats of informations Protection Act, 1998. This allows protecting your informations of your resear ch lawfully in the state you live in ( The stationary office, 1998 cited in Saunders et.al, 2007 ) .Identify what ethical or legal concerns that there may be with the undertaking be precise and elaborate.Preservation of Confidentiality and AnonymityAs per the research it is required to lace up the information from assorted administrations and to maintain the information secure for that confidentiality signifier will be sign(a) between the research worker and the member of the administration. Confidentiality signifier will besides be signed between the research worker and the administration. All the informations will be unploughed safely.Informed ConsentDuring roll uping the informations the directors of retail administration and parent administration will be informed that the information they are giving will non be dual-lane by any others individual or the administration and it will merely used for the research. The names of the director and the administration will be kept con fidentially under the Data protection Act 1998 ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) .Potential Good or Harm Caused by the ResearchDesignation of barriers in the research conducted can supply recyclable information for product-service administrations on developing their external and internal supply concatenation integrating particularly between the retail and parent administration.Ethical Guidelines in the FieldPlease mention Section 1 of Ethical and legal concern.Processing and Storage of DatasThe information collected in the research will be treated discreetly and apply with regard to the Data Protection Act 1998 ( OPSI, 1998 ) . All informations in written report or electronic format will be stored safely and upon closing of the research undertaking informations will be destroyed wholly.The deadline for the proposal is on the 24th of May 2010. Further work will be pending one time the consequences came out which will take about 4 hebdomads that will take it to 24th of June. Following th e consequences and after the allotment of executive program 2 hebdomads will be given to do the necessary alterations to the proposal and get down initial research. There has been non allocated a batch of clip due to assorted grounds for the research. First, the research can non be start because of the other faculties which will be finish on 5th of July 2010 it will be difficult to give clip wholly to research during this period. second research will hold to be done under an allocated executive program and communicate and handiness of the supervisor will hold to be considered. at a time the proposal has been passed by allocated supervisor, the aggregation of the secondary informations which includes the background and literature survey such as articles, diaries and information will be carried out till 12th of July. Time is a large factor here thereof research clip has been estimated to be approximately 4 hebdomads which is allocated to roll up the primary informations through interviews for administration and to analyze it. From the second hebdomad of July, following undertaking will be done by going to India to roll up the information required to finish the research. Final two hebdomads from the 2nd hebdomad to the tertiary hebdomad of August will be given for reappraisal of the research and findings and associate it to the literature available it and composing the dissertation. In add-on research worker will be confer withing with the allocated supervisor through regular meetings and treatment. The last hebdomad of August will be allocated to completion and concluding reappraisal of the thesis to guarantee that it is presented good.MentionsAraujo, L. and Spring, M. 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( 2005 ) , Logistic Management and outline, Second Edition, Pearson Education Limited, Essex, England.Johnston, R. ( 1995 ) , trading operationss from mill to service direction , International Journal of Service Industry Management, Volume 5, Number 1, pp 49-63.Keller, S. B. ( 2002 ) , A key to Enhance Supply Chain human relationship , Internal Relationship Marketing, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Volume 32, Number 8, pp 649-668.Kohli, A.K. and Jaworski, B.J. ( 1990 ) , Market orientation the concept, research propositions and managerial deductions , Journal of Marketing, Volume 54, Number 2, pp 1-18.Martinez, V. , Bastl, M. , Kingston, J. , and Evans, S. ( 2009 ) , Challenges in transforming fabrication administrations into product-service suppliers , Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Volume 21, Number 4, pp 449-469.Mentzer, J.T. , DeWitt, W. , Keebler, J.S. , Min, S. , Nix, N.W. , Smith, C.D. , Zacharia, Z.G. ( 2001 ) What is supply concatenation direction? Supply Chain Management, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 5-62.Miller, D. , Hope, Q. , Eisengstat, R. , Foote, N. and Galbraith, J. ( 2002 ) , The job of solutions balancing clients and capablenesss , Business Horizons, Volume 45, Number 2, pp 3-12.OECD ( 2007 ) , Staying Competitive in the Global saving Traveling up the Value Chain, OECD Paris.Oliva, R. and Kallenberg, R. ( 2003 ) , Pull offing the passage from merchandises to services , International Journal of Service Industry Management, Volume 14, Number 2, pp 160-72.Pagell, M. ( 2004 ) , Understanding the factors that enable and suppress the integrating of operations, buying and logistics , Journal of Operations Management, Volume 22, Number 5, pp 459-87.Porter, M. and Ketels, C. ( 2003 ) , UK Competitiveness Traveling to the Following Stage, Department of Trade and Industry, London.Quinn, J.B. , Doorley, T.L. and Paquette, P.C. 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Explain the Strengths and Weaknesses of Aquinas’ Cosmological Argument

a) Explain the volumes and weaknesses of doubting Thomas cosmological product lines. The cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument based on the question of the relation of the foundations beingness and immortals creation of discourse. This argument focuses on the guess that if the globe exists then several(prenominal)thing must(prenominal) cast off motherd it to existence, ie. A perfection or Creator. Supporters of this argument claim that to fully comprehend the existence of the universe, one must rely on a scheme of a divinity fudge even so critics would say that due to the inability to prove Gods existence way that the universe endnot be fully explained.Many who dont behave the cosmological believe there doesnt necessarily need to be an explanation for the universes existence as it simply exists. somewhat strengths of the cosmological argument is that it gives an explanation and reason for the universe as even up to thinking everything just exists b e slip it does. People may find comfort in the cosmological argument and believing that a God created the universe as it gives the impression that everything in the universe has a specific purpose preferably of just being random. some other strength is due to the argument being an a posteriori argument and it being from everyday welcome of the universe. In other word of honors, our experience of the universe aids our understanding that certain aspects of the universe have specific purposes and exist for specific reasons which gives strong gage for this argument. The channelise that the argument in any case helps develop an understanding of popular questions helps it to be a strong theory. A question such as Why is there a universe? can be answered with the cosmological argument as believing that God created the universe provides an answer. The cerebrations on cause and upshot, cause and diverseness and contingency argon clear and easy to follow making it comprehendible and easy to support. For galore(postnominal) people, the idea that God is the cause of the universe is straightforward and no much explanation is required. doubting Thomas put forward three questions to answer the inquires about Gods existence whilst forming the cosmological argument.There were five proofs which he came up with but his three ways are commonly used as the cosmological argument for the existence of God. The scratch line way is bm, the second is actor and the terzetto way is the idea that God as a demand being. The original way which doubting Thomas provided was very focused on the fact that the universe constantly changes and experiences motion which he went on the relate to the change being caused by an original Creator or God. He believed that we can observe that things in the world are always in motion or changing and is changing from a potential state to an effective state.A chain of events causes things to change from one state to another through the b ear on of motion but the chain of movers cannot continue the process of change and motion forever as then there would be no first mover (I. e. God) and then there would be no other movers. doubting Thomas emphasised that the first mover was not put into motion by anyone else and is essenti ally God. This makes the cosmological argument a strong argument to support as helps explain the reason why the universe is constantly changing. doubting Thomas produced the second way of causation also known as the send-off Cause Argument.This argument concentrated on the fact that cause and effect existed in the world. Aquinas stressed that all events that happened had a cause and must either be infinite or have its starting point in a first cause. Aquinas couldnt believe in an endless chain of causes and effects and accordingly assumed there had to be some first cause, which was God. Aquinas act this argument to say that goose egg can be a cause of itself. This is a large strength of Aquina s cosmological argument as things cannot simply bring themselves into existence so the explanation of a first cause is extremely logical.Aquinas theory of a first cause gives way for God being called the first uncaused cause as he came to existence unlike anything else. The third way of Aquinas cosmological argument is about the idea that God is a necessary being. This argument states that because everything in the universe is contingent and pendent on something else for its existence, the universes explanation leads back to something non-contingent. Everything in the universe is dependant on something else which means that once there was a time when vigor existed. This means that the being which created the niverse must have been external to it and also must be a necessary being, aka, must have always existed. Aquinas continued to argue that this necessary being is God and that if God didnt exist, nothing else would. This logically explains the existence of the universe without i t being contradictory of Gods existence, making the argument strong. However, Aquinas cosmological argument did receive some criticisms from David Hume. Hume put forward several responses to the cosmological idea, provided an alternative argument to Aquinas beliefs.Hume believed that the idea of the necessary being was incoherent and illogical. Also, he questioned the relation amid causes and effects and that every event has a cause. His response to this is that the argument provided no proof for events having causes and as humans, we never actually experience causation therefore providing an argument against the first and second way which Aquinas produced. Hume also criticised the idea of the first cause as he implied it was too confusing to follow.The word cause itself creates confusion as the first cause doesnt have anything to do with the actual cause which we understand. There is a contradiction as the world cause implies a finite thing whereas a God would be infinite. Hume po inted out that calling God a cause make him seem like he belonged with all the other finite beings. Another one of Humes arguments against Aquinas idea of a first cause was his criticism that there is no proof saying there should be only one first cause or that that first cause was the Christian God.The uncaused cause that Aquinas described is a for the most part different character to the Christian God and Aquinas doesnt put of any qualities which God is supposed to behold. Hume labelled this idea illogical as the God Aquinas described was a being out of touch perception and indifferent to the universe he apparently caused. Hume questioned the necessity of claiming the whole universe has a cause just because it can be explained by a chain of causes. Hume argued that you cannot claim the universe has a cause just because all things in the universe supposedly has a cause.He also claimed that since the universe is beyond our experience, how can we know that the universe has a first cause? Aquinas believed that the universe could not have just come into existence even Humes argument implied that there is nothing saying that this is not class and now science can efficiently explain that the universe may have just come into existence randomly. This argument successfully defeats Aquinas view about a first cause causing the universe to exist.

Is Friar Lawrence a Good Man, Evil Character or Simply a Misguided and Bumbling Individual?

mendi weedt Lawrence plays a strong central character passim the play, Romeo and Juliet. The beggar is joined to both the Capulets and the Montagues through religion and the church. mendi spatet Lawrence is presented as a holy man who is trusted and respected by the connection because he is a priest. mendicant Lawrence is an advisor and close friend to Romeo. This is beting when Romeo addresses the mendicant as father and beggar Lawrence addresses Romeo as his son. Romeo goes to mendicant Lawrence for answer and consolation, for example, when Romeo directs about Juliet for the first time, Friar Lawrence speaks to him about Rosaline.This shows that their relationship is close as they seem to know a lot about each former(a) and becomes more app arnt throughout the play as he influences Romeos decisions. This shows the ir responsibility of the Friar as he has broken the stereotype of a regular Friar because he does non always seem to speak to Romeo as a Friar but more so as a friend. Romeo asks Friar Lawrence that thou consent to marry us to-day. Friar Lawrence have in minds at first that Romeo is moving on too quickly from Rosaline and does non think he is doing the right thing. Young mens wonder then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. Friar Lawrences advice seems to be good because he sees that Romeo just says that he loves any bingle or says it when he thinks he is in love until the next woman comes along. A Friar would not usually say that to anyone and this is showing that their relationship is unprofessional. Whilst Friars do advise people, this seems to rich person been unprofessional. Friar Lawrence quickly changes his attitude and decides to unite Romeo and Juliet in marriage. He believes that this will end the feud between their two families. For this compact whitethorn so apt, to turn your households rancour to pure love. Friar Lawrences first motive was to create peace for their families. Friar Lawrence at th e comparcapable time could have also thought of uniting Romeo and Juliet to boost his protest status in Verona. He could have deprivationed to portray himself in a more respectable crystallize to show that he stop the vendetta between the Montague and Capulet families. In secret, Romeo and Juliet marry, without their parents permission. Friar Lawrence is seen as a figure that is a highly trustworthy character of enormous importance.By performing the marriage, he is keeping secrets from the two wealthiest and most muscular families in Verona, which would be seen as a sin for a Friar. In going ahead with the clandestine marriage, it shows that he can be oblique and untrustworthy in crop to protect himself as he does not want the blame if anything goes victimize. When Romeo killed Tybalt, his punishment was banishment and was ordered to Mantua. Romeo goes to Friar Lawrence for more guidance on what to do. Go get thee to thy chamber, hence and comfort her. Friar Lawrence encou rages Romeo to go to Juliets home and consummate their marriage, knowing that the differences between the families are now inconsolable. Friar Lawrence k brisk that if Romeo was to get caught at the Capulets home with Juliet, Romeo would have been killed and this demonstrates that he was willing to sacrifice Romeos life by displace him there in order to accept sure that the marriage was not annulled. Friar Lawrence was making sure it happened so that the blueprint in his judicial decision was going to work. He thinks he will still gain reason and recognition so ein truthone is happy in the future.Friar Lawrence is shown as a good man as Romeo and Juliet are grateful for his help in making sure they spend their wedding night together. However, giving this advice to Romeo can also illustrate that he is a bumbling individualistic because he is putting Romeos life in danger. Friar Lawrence devised another plan for Juliet to help her escape from her father and the arranged marriage . And if thou darst, Ill cave in thee remedy. Friar Lawrence plans on giving Juliet a drug that will make her sleep for 48 hours, but at the same time, make her seem dead.The Friar also pick outs her that he will write to Romeo to inform him of the new plan. Friar Lawrences egotistical attitude seems to have caused more ruefulness than comfort. By suggesting that Juliet drinks the potion, he shows a more selfish aspect to his character. I believe that the Friars intensions are still good at this point, however he could be trying to save himself from the situation as he may have doubts about the upcoming events, showing that there is a very unforgiving side to him. Friar Lawrence has to be devious in order to carry out the new idealistic plan.As a priest, he should not lie in any situation. Friar Lawrence asks come, is the Bride ready to go to church? to the Capulet family. He already knew full well that the wedding was not going to go ahead, however by saying this to the famil y, he is pretence that he knows nothing and gets prepared to bury Juliet. This shows how deceptive the Friar can be as he remains very composed throughout the day, which only reinforces his superiority and confidence amongst the community. As Juliet awakes from her planned long sleep, she asks Friar Lawrence where is my Romeo? He tells her he lies dead. At this point, Friar Lawrence would have been very disordered about his actions and he tries to cover up the lies to fix what happened. He asks Juliet to come, Ill dispose of thee, among a sisterhood of holy conical buoys. Friar Lawrence is afraid of his actions and of be exposed as a failure and liar. Proposing this to Juliet would have been the last horrific attempt to help him remain in a good light and not ruin his reputation for good. Friar Lawrence asked Juliet to become a Nun to forget about Romeo and start a new life, however, I believe that he only suggested this because he panicked and is afraid that the secrets will be unfolded.In Friar Lawrence proposing this, it shows he has a weak side to his personality as he is portrayed as a bumbling individual who shows concerns, only for himself. Friar Lawrence may have got involved in Romeo and Juliets plans so much that he found it hard to let go and thought he could keep helping. The Friar knew in his mind that it was prostitute to help Romeo run away with his lover, (Juliet) however, because he was more than a priest to Romeo and Juliet, he knew they were in a desperate situation and did receivedly want to help.To conclude, Friar Lawrence was a good man. Friar Lawrence played a domineering role into being responsible for the marriage, all aspects of the plans, meetings/reunions and the potion. The Friars motive never think for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet to occur as he did come across to be genuine to both families (Montagues and Capulets) by wanting to end the feud. Each delineate minded plan was planned to allow, the loved up teenagers (Ro meo and Juliet) to be happy together as they were hopeful that their families would be united by their love.Friar Lawrence started off being honourable to both Romeo and Juliet as he could tell they were both in love, however as their plans go off track, one by one, he had to abuse his trusted role more and more. Friar Lawrences plans were intelligent because he used his knowledge in medicines and flowers to stick out the potion for Juliet. With his experience of herbs and remedies, it enabled him to carry out the potion plan and without him Juliet would not have been able to fake her own death. Some people may feel that this was a cunning and calculative plan. It can e viewed that the plan was evil as well as the character of Friar Lawrence. In my opinion, l think that the Friar cute to help and tried to rectify matters as they went wrong to the best of his abilities, he did not think clearly about the consequences of the plans of what potentially could have gone wrong and only t hought about the dogmatic outcomes. This could be because he never had the time to sit and think though it, however l thought his plans were simple and effective. Friar Lawrence always wanted to do the right thing since his reputation was paramount to him.In course to being a good character, Friar Lawrence does show an evil side to him. His behavioural response when he finds Juliet in the tomb, for example, instead of remaining with her and preventing her death, he flees when he hears the sound of people coming. In his actions, it shows his fear of accepting responsibility and his selfishness. Although Friar Lawrences plans seemed achievable at the time, he was naive in his assessment of the feud between the Montague and Capulet households and he hadnt reflected fully on the implications of Romeo and Juliets secret and concealed marriage.

Nvq Plevel 3 Playwork

PW3. 12 appellation 4 5. 1 Explain wherefore it is big to run through arrogant births with growns in the swindle environment It could be argued that execute pretenders be often of course skilled and adept at making undecomposed relationships with the children in the liberal setting of a constitute environment. Whilst adult relationships whitethorn take more than time and effort, and thus more difficult to achieve it is substantive that they retain coercive relationships with different(a) adults within the play environment.As professionals play gainers atomic calculate 18 deally to come in to contact with a range of adults be it set ups, c bers, elder siblings, new(prenominal) play snipers, or the general net serve of care and as a payoff claim to be proficient in forming domineering relations with much(prenominal) adults. in that respect are a number of reasons why this is weighty. First and foremost, children always benefit when adults around them a re able to collaborate, co-operate and work in tandem. In relation to parents and carers, it is important that playworkers and parents are amiable, and deal work together to form a strong support foundation for the child.Not al integrity provide the play setting benefit from amicable relations just children will get hold that they are supported as a result of the good rapport in the midst of parents and playworkers. In accession to this, parents are naturally interested in the happiness and fountainhead-being of their child. Through strong and positive relations between parents and playworkers, parents will feel that they are informed closely their childs experiences at the club and involved in this vista of their life.A nonher aspect of this mutual relationship is that the parent deal inform the play setting if things are difficult at home, that the child worries ab protrude accredited aspects of the play environment or any difficulties that they are having. Not further will this provide an explanation for potential changes in behaviour, precisely it allows the playworkers to defend the child to make them feel more comfortable or at ease, and generally support them within the play setting.It is through this positive relationship that parents are able to support playworkers and their decisions, and in turn provide a strong group foundation to support the child and their general welfare. In terms of positive relationships with those conducely associated to the play environment it is essential that a positive, friendly and supportive relationship slip bys between co-workers. One must flirt with that children are sensitive to the way in which one works with colleagues, and indirectly the relations they see modelled by their elders are those which they in turn will portray.In effect, the attitude and relations of the playworkers act as a blue score upon which they form their own relationships. Essentially, through positive relationships with so me separate adults within the setting, it non only if creates a pleasant and fruitful atmosphere only it provides a strong foundation of support both between playworkers themselves and with parents and carers. Through good communicating and positive relations children are able to feel colonized and supported in all aspects of their maturatement. . 2 Explain the importance of brighten communications with adults in the play environment In order to develop and maintain positive relationships with adults in the play environment, an element of respect is vital. The report to this is a clear communications path. It is through much(prenominal)(prenominal) a style that both playworkers themselves, and parents feel respect, valued and a part of the play setting. strong communication is a central aspect to playwork, as thoroughly as eitherday life.It is a skill which non only underpins almost every other social skill but it is particularly important when operative with childr en and young people, and in turn the adults associated with the play environment. Through communicating in effect as playworkers, it encourages positive relationships with the adults and thus results in a proactive and expeditious team between both playworker and parent. The importance of this cannot be understated, by having a solid team foundation between playworkers and parents, children will not only feel supported and comfortable, but are aided in their development.The describe to attain this solid foundation is through communicating effectively and clear with the adults associated with the play setting. For example, it is important that parents and carers are aware of any step ups that may provoke arisen during the session, any difficulties their child is encountering, or if their child has behaved or responded particularly well to a certain maculation. Essentially, this involves being updated on their childs general behaviour and well-being. The importance of clear comm unication can be attest here.Being vague in ones communications can manoeuver to jobs such as mis enounceing, the child being reprimanded for just aboutthing they didnt do by parents, or by parents not grasping the full extent of the problem. Not only would this hit the support the child would receive, but many could argue that such misinterpretations or mis sayings could result in contrast between play setting and parent. When considering this from some other perspective, effective communication with other team members and playworkers is equally essential.Playworkers need to feel that when asked to do something by another member of the team, or someone of higher(prenominal) position that they are doing as required and desired. In addition to this, they need to maintain and portray a team greet in everything conducted. By communicating roles, responsibilities and passings effectively the team is able to work as a unit and thus provide the best care for the children in the p lay setting. By supporting the team, communicating effectively and efficiently it ensures that problems are dealt with cursorily so as not to impact on the running of the team and the setting.From this it can be noted that clear and effective communication not only benefits the playwork team as a whole, but in addition it means that an effective team approach between playworkers and parents can be attained. In doing so, this provides children with the best support possible. 5. 3 Summarise different strategies the playworker can use to communicate with adults who have communication difficulties The way in which one communicates with people should not be static. It is important that the style used is familiarised to meet the necessarily of both the situation and the soul with whom one needs to communicate.In many cases communicating with a range of adults can be challenging, just this becomes more difficult when trying to communicate with those who have communication difficulties. Here, a more precise and patient mode is required. There are a number of strategies that can be engaged when dealing with those who have communication difficulties. Firstly it is essential that one remains patient, speaks clearly and allows the other someone a chance not only to understand what is being said, but then to construct a response.The phrase connect before you direct also comes in to play here by making shopping centre contact and engaging the other individual in conversation not only allows you to form a relationship, but it may be essential for those with communication difficulties. For instance, and adult who has hearing difficulties will need to see mouth movements to understand and will rely heaving on visual signs such as facial expressions. In addition to this, it is important, especially with adults, that one value their difficulties, not pressuring them or treating them like a child.Achieving this takes practice but in doing so it ensures the other someo ne feels respected, valued and understood. In some cases a more active style of communication may be necessary, such as physically demonstrating what is required by drawing or miming. other strategy is to employ physical cues such as pictures, objects or photos which the adult can point to or respond with. In doing this, verbal run-in is simply an aid, and for those who have difficulties in such an area it provides an external method of communication, and perhaps a better means of understanding.Alternatively, a translator may be required to assist the communication of confusing, difficult or labyrinthine issues and conversations. Written word is another strategy which can be utilize when dealing with adults who have communication difficulties. For some, written word is easier to process and understand than verbal conversations, and so this provides another means of communicating with those who have communication difficulties. One downside of this method is that those who are not native to the language may struggle to comprehend written style. Utilising the telephone is another option and strategy.Those who permit communication difficulties may be more aware of themselves in busy, whirring and unknown environments which may impede their ability to understand as well as to respond. By speaking on the phone it allows them to take in the information and construct their sentences in peace, in their own time and in the security that no one external is judging them. From this, it is evident that when communicating with adults who have communication difficulties there are a number of strategies that could be employed. Essentially it involves being understanding, precise and clear.Talking slowly but not in an exaggerated manner and simplifying our extended language abilities allowing them to not only understand what is being asked but at the aforesaid(prenominal) time feel respected and valued as an individual and not undermined due to their difficulties. 5. 4 try types of situations that might star topology to encounter between playworkers and other adults Sometimes things go pervert. In any work place there are terminus ad quem to be situations that arise which will result in conflict of some sort. People react differently to such situations depending on circumstances, but it is mportant to take to be that differences of opinion are not necessarily a bad thing. There are numerous situations that may result in conflict between playworkers and other adults, as with anyone in society. It could be argued that one of the largest contributors to conflict is simply the result of miscommunication. Someone may take a comment the wrong way, not understand the context or may not have had the message properly passed on. As a result of this sour feelings such as resent, confusion or misunderstanding can lead to conflict between adults.In the case of the playwork setting, this could be between two playworkers with one person commenting on what is normally done in a helpful manner, with the other taking it as condescending, patronising or dictatorial. Another example of such a situation would be a playworker telling a parent about the way their child has behaved during the session. If this was not explained properly, or details were leftover out (such as it being started by another child) this could result in conflict between parent, child and playworker.Another effect of miscommunication is conflict due to neediness of role explanation. If roles and responsibilities are not clearly and effectively outlined (miscommunicated), this could lead to false expectations from executive programs and thus result in conflict. For example if a supervisor expects a certain playworker to be doing the headcount and this is not achieved, conflict could occur as a result. Typical playwork situations which may cause conflict are about the decisions made or the actions taken by playworkers.If parents do not agree with or support such decis ions it can often lead to a conflict over what is evaluate by the parent, versus what is required and expected from the playworker. Situations such as where a child has been hurt (falling from a swing, or injury from another child), damage to the childs equipment or clothes, or relations with other children are often the causes of conflict between playworkers and parents or carers. Here the playworker will follow policies and procedures, but the parent may not agree with the action or decision subsequently forming the foundations for conflict.As is often the case, conflict can occur because a person is coping with unrelated pressures. liveness stressors, home issues etc may cause either parent or playworker to germinate without reason. This can initiate feelings of resent, confusion, or misunderstanding, thus producing a conflict scenario. As evidenced, it can be noted that there are a number of types of situations which may result in conflict between adults in the play setting. Miscommunication, stressors, expectations and even own confidence in handling a situation can result in conflict between the adults within the setting. . 5 Explain different strategies the playworker can use to deal with conflict situations involving other adults. There are a number of strategies that can be employed when dealing with conflict situations. In many situations simply take careing to the other person, attaining all the facts and showing an understanding is enough to dilute the problem. However if this is not the case, then there are other strategies which can be utilised. In many respects dealing with conflict situations with adults requires a homogeneous approach to that of children.If emotions are tense the best way to manage conflict is to listen to the other person, acknowledge their feelings and show empathy and understanding of the issue. In acknowledging another persons feelings or point of view it can take the love out of the conflict and thus allow a root w ord to be found, even if this involves stating I can see what you mean, but I cant agree with you there. By accepting and acknowledging another persons feelings, one can then ask them how they wish the issue to be resolved.In asking for their opinion it shows respect and highlights that their opinion is valued. Much like dealing with children in conflict, those adults in conflict can then work together in order to come to a viable solution for them both. In addition to this when dealing with parents or other playworkers it is important to give thanks them for bringing the matter to ones attention and check that the problem is understood fully. Furthermore if you believe there to be a misunderstanding, say so as this may be enough to resolve the conflict.It is important to talk of the town in a private area, listen carefully, make bosom contact, ensure that one remains polite and calm and that any apologies are made if necessary. Another important aspect to consider is to avoid pe rsonalising the issue (through comments made, or actions taken, or gossiping) as this can lead to it becoming more heated, intense and appear like a personal vendetta. It is best to talk to the person directly before any more misunderstanding or misinterpretation can occur. In order to deal with miscommunications within the work place, one strategy that could be used it to write things down, a magnetic disk of events.This is particularly relevant for when children are hurt in the play setting. By recording what happened, when and how it ensures that relevant people are provided with correct information that is the same across the board. Dealing with conflict due to confidence is hard. Essentially it is important that the supervisors acknowledge their teams skills, expertise and value within the playwork team. dispute due to external pressure is also difficult. By observing other people as they talk to you can sometimes provide an singularity of whether other factors are at work.I f this is the case, simply being sympathetic and a good listener can often take the heat out of a conflict potentially brewing. Essentially, when dealing with conflict in adults it is similar to the approach taken when dealing with children. It is important that one listens, shows understanding, respects the other persons differentiating view points, and that they work together to find a solution meet to them both. In doing this, not only will it aid the conflict itself, but it almost acts as pre conflict management.

Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change Transcript

Lemurs in Madagascar Surviving on an Island of depart Transcript Speakers Ian Tattersall, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Michelle Sauther, Frank Cuozzo (Rain trickling, lemur sounds squeaking and calling) (Music play in background) IAN TATTERSALL I think everybody who is involved with lemurs is concerned for the future. Were in a delimited island that can non infinitely be exploited and ravaged. And if present trends continue, the outlook for any of the internal habitat or any of the lemurs is fairly poor. (Birds chirping) Lemurs be members of the order primates, that is to imagine the large group of mammals to which human beings also belong.And theyd found they are uniquely in Madagascar and on a couple of the adjacent islands of the Comoros group. (Music playing in background) An evolutionary radiation is the diversification of antithetical species from the same antecedent and once a new change of organism like a primate comes into a new environment as happened in Madagascar to th e highest degree sixty million years ago thither are many an(prenominal), many distinguishable ways in which that environment can be exploited. Its very hard to say exactly how many species of lemur there are because new species are being described all of the time.But in worldwide terms, there now looks to be slightly thirty to thirty-five species of lemurs and it shows us just what the potential of primates is to occupy an enormous range of different habitats. (Music playing in background) Habitat destruction trains place on a much shorter time scale than evolutionary exchange and the amount of change that is happening so rapidly in Madagascar as a import of human activities is clearly almost(prenominal)thing with which no evolutionary process can fill in. hex RATSIMBAZAFY Now we are here in Ranomafana National Park in the southeastern rainforest of Madagascar.This place used to be loved by loggers but since the park was created, the forest started to be productive. Here in Ranomafana, there are twelve different species of lemurs. Seven are active during the daytime and five are active during the night. There are many different ways of studying lemurs. It depends on what you want to look at. (Speaking in background) I look at the behavior and how the behavior fits in the habitat. For example, if you want to chouse which foot and what prints they rely on because if we can continue to nurture the habitat, that testament help to protect them or to conserve them.Every five minutes we take note what species of tree, who the closest neighbor is, the closest trail, because we want to know where do they go to estimate the home range and if they eat, what do they eat. Some species cope better than the others. If you are a specialist on your diet and if pack curl down your food, you are gone. For example, the bamboo lemur. They exclusively eat bamboo and if commonwealth cut down those plants, they are gone. They can disappear very fast. (Music playing in background) IAN TATTERSALL Different lemurs are affected in different ways by the environmental destruction that is going on in Madagascar.Some lemurs are in danger, some are critically endangered, some are vulnerable, and some are threatened. The less vulnerable ones are the ones that do well in subaltern habitats, in habitats that have been altered by people. MICHELLE SAUTHER Were at a site called Beza Mahafaly, and it incorporates a protective reserve as well as areas outside of the reserve and our research here focuses on the effects of atomization and changes in habitat on lemur biology and their behavior. We study lemur catta which is the ring-tailed lemur. Its the compositors case of lemur close to people have seen in zoos.They are one of the most far ranging of the lemurs. They are incredibly adaptable and one of the things that we are kind of interested in is what is the biology of adaptation or what is the biology of avoiding decent extinct. And because ring-tailed lemurs are so widespread, and thats not to say theyre not threatened, but they seem to be able to deal a hole behaviorally and biologically with habitat change. I think what were seeing in terms of the processs we were looking at today is a troop that is actually utilizing some of the anthropogenic change.They will go out and employ local peoples crops so they are actually exploiting some of the habitat that has been degraded and turned into crop land for their own use. outspoken CUOZZO In terms of the ring-tailed lemurs, because they are rather generalist, they do seem to lay to different types of disturbance. As Michelle mentioned a few moments ago, it doesnt mean that we come int have to watch out or think about it and it doesnt mean there arent very real threats to long-term survival, but ring-tails specifically seem to deal with things in ways that some of the more specialized lemurs dont.MICHELLE SAUTHER But there is always limitations to those though. Thats what were trying to understand is where are you when you urinate to the limits of even a ring-tailed lemur in terms of being able to adapt. (Music playing in background) I used to feel depressed when I came here because, again, you see the habitat changing and a lot of fragmentation occurring. I feel a bit better now because were trying to really get a handle on what sort of ways you can interact with local people because that is the reality.What you saw around here is the reality of Madagascar. IAN TATTERSAL I think what we ought to be looking for in terms of conservation is habitats to protect and what we need to do is to find those places where, with the least disturbance to local people or to the greatest benefit of local people, tracks of forest that support the internal fauna of Madagascar can be conserved. (Lemur sound) End of Audio Copyright 2006 by Films Media Group. All rights reserved. adapt with permission.